{"id":9515,"date":"2025-01-13T12:32:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T11:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/?page_id=9515"},"modified":"2026-10-23T18:08:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T16:08:48","slug":"swloreta-neurofeedback","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/neurofeedback-swloreta-derniere-generation\/","title":{"rendered":"Latest-generation swLORETA neurofeedback"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.el-band{position:relative;min-height:420px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;padding:60px 20px 90px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;overflow:hidden}.el-band::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--elan-accent,#4C6BB2);opacity:.84}.el-band::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--elan-anneau) no-repeat left -260px center\/auto 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style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/elan-centre-salle-1-bandeau.jpg)\">\n<h1>Neurofeedback swLORETA<\/h1>\n<div class=\"el-line\"><\/div>\n<p>Un neurofeedback guid\u00e9 par l\u2019EEG quantifi\u00e9, qui cible des r\u00e9gions et des r\u00e9seaux c\u00e9r\u00e9braux \u00e0 partir de 19 \u00e9lectrodes : principe, atouts et limites.<\/p>\n<div class=\"el-shape\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"> \t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/> \t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/> \t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/> <\/svg><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-wrap el-th\">\n<div class=\"el-in\">\n<div class=\"el-key\">\n<h3>L\u2019essentiel en 30 secondes<\/h3>\n<div class=\"el-key-grid\">\n<div class=\"el-key-i\">\n<div class=\"el-ico\" style=\"--c:#4A72C4;--b:#EDF1FA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 17l4-6 3 4 4-8 3 5 4-3\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<div><strong>19 \u00e9lectrodes, une vue en 3D<\/strong>\u00c0 partir de l\u2019EEG de surface, le swLORETA estime l\u2019activit\u00e9 de plus de 12 000 petits volumes du cerveau.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-key-i\">\n<div class=\"el-ico\" style=\"--c:#3FA66E;--b:#E8F5EE\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"8\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"1\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<div><strong>Un rep\u00e8re : le Z-score<\/strong>Chaque mesure est compar\u00e9e en temps r\u00e9el \u00e0 une base normative de personnes du m\u00eame \u00e2ge.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-key-i\">\n<div class=\"el-ico\" style=\"--c:#F5A623;--b:#FEF4E2\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M12 3l9 5-9 5-9-5z\"\/><path d=\"M3 13l9 5 9-5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<div><strong>Des r\u00e9seaux plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un point<\/strong>Le protocole peut cibler des r\u00e9gions et leurs liens, y compris des structures profondes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-key-i\">\n<div class=\"el-ico\" style=\"--c:#E8615A;--b:#FDEDEB\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9 3h6M10 3v6l-5 9a2 2 0 0 0 1.8 3h10.4a2 2 0 0 0 1.8-3l-5-9V3\"\/><path d=\"M7.5 15h9\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<div><strong>Une recherche en cours<\/strong>Une approche prometteuse, mais aucune sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e sur le neurofeedback classique.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>De l\u2019EEG de surface aux sources c\u00e9r\u00e9brales<\/h2>\n<p>Un <strong>\u00e9lectroenc\u00e9phalogramme (EEG)<\/strong> enregistre, \u00e0 la surface du cr\u00e2ne, l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique produite par des millions de neurones. Chaque \u00e9lectrode capte un m\u00e9lange de signaux venus de r\u00e9gions plus ou moins proches : l\u2019EEG de surface indique o\u00f9 l\u2019on mesure, pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d\u2019o\u00f9 vient l\u2019activit\u00e9. Imaginez plusieurs micros plac\u00e9s autour d\u2019une salle : chacun capte toutes les voix, plus ou moins fort ; en comparant les enregistrements, on peut estimer d\u2019o\u00f9 vient chaque voix. C\u2019est le principe de l\u2019<strong>imagerie \u00e9lectrique des sources<\/strong>, qui associe la grande pr\u00e9cision temporelle de l\u2019EEG \u00e0 un calcul de la r\u00e9partition de l\u2019activit\u00e9 en trois dimensions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"el-vizrow\">\n<figure class=\"el-viz\">\n<div class=\"el-svgw\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 300 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Position des 19 \u00e9lectrodes selon le syst\u00e8me international 10-20\"><path d=\"M140 22 L150 6 L160 22\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path><ellipse cx=\"22\" cy=\"150\" rx=\"10\" ry=\"26\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"3\"><\/ellipse><ellipse cx=\"278\" cy=\"150\" rx=\"10\" ry=\"26\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"3\"><\/ellipse><circle cx=\"150\" cy=\"150\" r=\"128\" fill=\"#F7F4F2\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"3\"><\/circle><path d=\"M150 22V278M22 150H278\" stroke=\"#E3DED8\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 6\"><\/path><circle cx=\"118\" cy=\"58\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"118\" y=\"62\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Fp1<\/text><circle cx=\"182\" cy=\"58\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"182\" y=\"62\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Fp2<\/text><circle cx=\"72\" cy=\"96\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"72\" y=\"100\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">F7<\/text><circle cx=\"111\" cy=\"100\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"111\" y=\"104\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">F3<\/text><circle cx=\"150\" cy=\"101\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"150\" y=\"105\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Fz<\/text><circle cx=\"189\" cy=\"100\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"189\" y=\"104\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">F4<\/text><circle cx=\"228\" cy=\"96\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"228\" y=\"100\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">F8<\/text><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"150\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"50\" y=\"154\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">T3<\/text><circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"150\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"100\" y=\"154\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">C3<\/text><circle cx=\"150\" cy=\"150\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"150\" y=\"154\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Cz<\/text><circle cx=\"200\" cy=\"150\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"200\" y=\"154\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">C4<\/text><circle cx=\"250\" cy=\"150\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"250\" y=\"154\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">T4<\/text><circle cx=\"72\" cy=\"204\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"72\" y=\"208\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">T5<\/text><circle cx=\"111\" cy=\"200\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"111\" y=\"204\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">P3<\/text><circle cx=\"150\" cy=\"199\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"150\" y=\"203\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Pz<\/text><circle cx=\"189\" cy=\"200\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"189\" y=\"204\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">P4<\/text><circle cx=\"228\" cy=\"204\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"228\" y=\"208\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">T6<\/text><circle cx=\"118\" cy=\"242\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"118\" y=\"246\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">O1<\/text><circle cx=\"182\" cy=\"242\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#4C6BB2\"><\/circle><text x=\"182\" y=\"246\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"10.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#fff\" text-anchor=\"middle\">O2<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption><strong>Ce que l\u2019on mesure<\/strong> : 19 points \u00e0 la surface du cr\u00e2ne (syst\u00e8me 10-20).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"el-viz\">\n<div class=\"el-svgw\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 300 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Illustration : estimation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 des sources c\u00e9r\u00e9brales en trois dimensions\"><defs><radialGradient id=\"g1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#E8615A\" stop-opacity=\".95\"><\/stop><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#E8615A\" stop-opacity=\"0\"><\/stop><\/radialGradient><radialGradient id=\"g2\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#F5A623\" stop-opacity=\".95\"><\/stop><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#F5A623\" stop-opacity=\"0\"><\/stop><\/radialGradient><radialGradient id=\"g3\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#4C6BB2\" stop-opacity=\".9\"><\/stop><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#4C6BB2\" stop-opacity=\"0\"><\/stop><\/radialGradient><\/defs><path d=\"M150 28C95 28 46 64 40 124c-5 52 18 104 62 128 30 16 66 20 96 6 46-22 68-74 62-128C254 70 205 28 150 28z\" fill=\"#F7F4F2\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"3\"><\/path><path d=\"M150 32V272\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\" opacity=\".5\"><\/path><path d=\"M70 100c20-10 30 10 50 0M180 96c20 8 34-8 52 4M62 160c22-12 34 12 56 0M182 158c22 12 36-10 58 2M84 214c18-8 28 8 46 0M172 214c18 8 30-8 46 2\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#C9C1BA\" stroke-width=\"3\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"><\/path><circle cx=\"112\" cy=\"104\" r=\"46\" fill=\"url(#g1)\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"196\" cy=\"176\" r=\"52\" fill=\"url(#g2)\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"140\" cy=\"206\" r=\"40\" fill=\"url(#g3)\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/div><figcaption><strong>Ce que l\u2019on estime<\/strong> : la r\u00e9partition de l\u2019activit\u00e9 en 3D, jusqu\u2019aux structures profondes (illustration).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>LORETA, sLORETA, swLORETA : trente ans de progr\u00e8s<\/h2>\n<div class=\"el-tl\">\n<div><strong>1994<\/strong> : LORETA (Roberto Pascual-Marqui et ses coll\u00e8gues) d\u00e9coupe le cortex en environ 2 400 petits volumes, les voxels (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-8760(84)90014-X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pascual-Marqui et al., 1994<\/a>).<\/div>\n<div><strong>2002<\/strong> : sLORETA, version \u00ab standardis\u00e9e \u00bb, am\u00e9liore la pr\u00e9cision de localisation sur une grille d\u2019environ 6 200 voxels (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uzh.ch\/keyinst\/NewLORETA\/sLORETA\/sLORETA-Math02.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pascual-Marqui, 2002<\/a>).<\/div>\n<div><strong>2004-2006<\/strong> : premiers neurofeedback LORETA sur 19 voies, puis comparaison de l\u2019EEG en temps r\u00e9el \u00e0 une base normative : le \u00ab Z-score en direct \u00bb.<\/div>\n<div><strong>2007<\/strong> : swLORETA (<em>standardized weighted<\/em>) compense le fait que les \u00e9lectrodes captent moins bien les sources profondes (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/7\/002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Palmero-Soler et al., 2007<\/a>).<\/div>\n<div><strong>2009<\/strong> : le neurofeedback LORETA Z-score cible des \u00ab carrefours \u00bb de r\u00e9seaux, les aires de Brodmann.<\/div>\n<div><strong>2017<\/strong> : le neurofeedback swLORETA Z-score s\u2019appuie sur plus de 12 000 voxels et int\u00e8gre le cervelet et des structures profondes comme le thalamus (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5298\/1081-5937-47.4.04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thatcher, Lubar et Koberda, 2019<\/a>).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-bars\">\n<h4>Une pr\u00e9cision croissante : nombre de voxels estim\u00e9s<\/h4>\n<div class=\"el-bar\">\n<div class=\"lab\">LORETA<\/div>\n<div class=\"trk\"><i style=\"width:20%;--bc:#9FB1D9\">\u2248 2 400<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-bar\">\n<div class=\"lab\">sLORETA<\/div>\n<div class=\"trk\"><i style=\"width:51%;--bc:#7189C6\">\u2248 6 200<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-bar\">\n<div class=\"lab\">swLORETA<\/div>\n<div class=\"trk\"><i style=\"width:100%\">&gt; 12 000<\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ordres de grandeur issus des publications cit\u00e9es ci-dessus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ces estimations restent de <strong>basse r\u00e9solution<\/strong> : elles ne remplacent pas une IRM et d\u00e9crivent un fonctionnement, pas une l\u00e9sion. Les recommandations techniques de l\u2019IQCB publi\u00e9es en 2025 passent d\u2019ailleurs ces outils en revue en appelant \u00e0 la prudence dans leur interpr\u00e9tation (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15500594241308654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Collura et al., 2025<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h2>Le Z-score et la base normative<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Z-score<\/strong> exprime l\u2019\u00e9cart entre une mesure et la moyenne d\u2019un groupe de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du m\u00eame \u00e2ge, en unit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9cart-type, un peu comme la taille d\u2019un enfant situ\u00e9e sur une courbe de croissance. Un Z-score de 0 correspond \u00e0 la moyenne ; environ 68 % des personnes se situent entre -1 et +1, et 95 % entre -2 et +2. Comme le rappelle Neurofeedback Luxembourg, il ne faut pas confondre <a href=\"https:\/\/neurofeedback-luxembourg.com\/quantitative-eeg-brainmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">norme et normalit\u00e9<\/a> : un \u00e9cart n\u2019est pas un probl\u00e8me en soi, il est toujours interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 au regard de ce que vit la personne.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"el-viz\">\n<div class=\"el-svgw\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 640 262\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Courbe en cloche des Z-scores : la moyenne est \u00e0 0, environ 68 % des personnes se situent entre -1 et +1\"><path d=\"M240 210 L240.0 119.0 L244.0 114.5 L248.0 110.0 L252.0 105.5 L256.0 101.1 L260.0 96.8 L264.0 92.6 L268.0 88.6 L272.0 84.7 L276.0 81.1 L280.0 77.6 L284.0 74.4 L288.0 71.5 L292.0 68.9 L296.0 66.6 L300.0 64.6 L304.0 63.0 L308.0 61.7 L312.0 60.7 L316.0 60.2 L320.0 60.0 L324.0 60.2 L328.0 60.7 L332.0 61.7 L336.0 63.0 L340.0 64.6 L344.0 66.6 L348.0 68.9 L352.0 71.5 L356.0 74.4 L360.0 77.6 L364.0 81.1 L368.0 84.7 L372.0 88.6 L376.0 92.6 L380.0 96.8 L384.0 101.1 L388.0 105.5 L392.0 110.0 L396.0 114.5 L400.0 119.0 L400 210 Z\" fill=\"#E6ECF8\"><\/path><path d=\"M32 209.8 L32.0 209.8 L40.0 209.7 L48.0 209.5 L56.0 209.4 L64.0 209.1 L72.0 208.8 L80.0 208.3 L88.0 207.8 L96.0 207.0 L104.0 206.1 L112.0 204.9 L120.0 203.4 L128.0 201.6 L136.0 199.3 L144.0 196.7 L152.0 193.5 L160.0 189.7 L168.0 185.3 L176.0 180.3 L184.0 174.6 L192.0 168.3 L200.0 161.3 L208.0 153.7 L216.0 145.6 L224.0 137.0 L232.0 128.1 L240.0 119.0 L248.0 110.0 L256.0 101.1 L264.0 92.6 L272.0 84.7 L280.0 77.6 L288.0 71.5 L296.0 66.6 L304.0 63.0 L312.0 60.7 L320.0 60.0 L328.0 60.7 L336.0 63.0 L344.0 66.6 L352.0 71.5 L360.0 77.6 L368.0 84.7 L376.0 92.6 L384.0 101.1 L392.0 110.0 L400.0 119.0 L408.0 128.1 L416.0 137.0 L424.0 145.6 L432.0 153.7 L440.0 161.3 L448.0 168.3 L456.0 174.6 L464.0 180.3 L472.0 185.3 L480.0 189.7 L488.0 193.5 L496.0 196.7 L504.0 199.3 L512.0 201.6 L520.0 203.4 L528.0 204.9 L536.0 206.1 L544.0 207.0 L552.0 207.8 L560.0 208.3 L568.0 208.8 L576.0 209.1 L584.0 209.4 L592.0 209.5 L600.0 209.7\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#4C6BB2\" stroke-width=\"4\"><\/path><path d=\"M40 210H600\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><path d=\"M80 210v8\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><text x=\"80\" y=\"240\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"19\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">-3<\/text><path d=\"M160 210v8\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><text x=\"160\" y=\"240\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"19\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">-2<\/text><path d=\"M240 210v8\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><text x=\"240\" y=\"240\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"19\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">-1<\/text><path d=\"M320 210v8\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><text x=\"320\" y=\"240\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"19\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">0<\/text><path d=\"M400 210v8\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><text x=\"400\" y=\"240\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"19\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+1<\/text><path d=\"M480 210v8\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><text x=\"480\" y=\"240\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"19\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+2<\/text><path d=\"M560 210v8\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-width=\"2\"><\/path><text x=\"560\" y=\"240\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"19\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+3<\/text><path d=\"M320 60V210\" stroke=\"#3A4256\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 6\"><\/path><text x=\"320\" y=\"150\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"18\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#3B5FA8\" text-anchor=\"middle\">68 %<\/text><text x=\"320\" y=\"44\" font-family=\"Hanken Grotesk,sans-serif\" font-size=\"17\" fill=\"#3A4256\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Moyenne des personnes du m\u00eame \u00e2ge<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption>Le Z-score situe une mesure par rapport \u00e0 la moyenne des personnes du m\u00eame \u00e2ge : environ 68 % d\u2019entre elles se situent entre -1 et +1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pour l\u2019entra\u00eenement, le Z-score a un int\u00e9r\u00eat pratique : il ram\u00e8ne des mesures tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes (amplitude, rapports entre ondes, coh\u00e9rence, phase) \u00e0 une <strong>unit\u00e9 commune<\/strong>, ce qui limite la part d\u2019arbitraire dans le choix des seuils. Au centre, le bilan et l\u2019entra\u00eenement s\u2019appuient sur le logiciel <strong>NeuroGuide<\/strong>, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9quipe du chercheur Robert Thatcher (<a href=\"https:\/\/appliedneuroscience.com\/product\/swloreta-zscore-nfb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Applied Neuroscience<\/a>). Sa <strong>base de donn\u00e9es normative<\/strong> r\u00e9unit plus de 600 personnes en bonne sant\u00e9, \u00e2g\u00e9es de <a href=\"https:\/\/appliedneuroscience.com\/neuroguides-lifespan-normative-database\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2 mois \u00e0 82 ans<\/a>, et sa version LORETA a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une \u00e9tude de validit\u00e9 (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/155005940503600211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thatcher, North et Biver, 2005<\/a>).<\/p>\n<div class=\"el-stats\">\n<div class=\"el-stat\"><b>19<\/b><span>\u00e9lectrodes r\u00e9parties sur l\u2019ensemble du cr\u00e2ne<\/span><em>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.institut.neurosens.fr\/informations\/entrainement-loreta.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Institut Neurosens<\/a><\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"el-stat\"><b>12 000+<\/b><span>voxels estim\u00e9s par le swLORETA<\/span><em>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5298\/1081-5937-47.4.04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thatcher et al., 2019<\/a><\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"el-stat\"><b>88<\/b><span>aires de Brodmann, plus le thalamus et le cervelet<\/span><em>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/appliedneuroscience.com\/product\/swloreta-zscore-nfb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Applied Neuroscience<\/a><\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"el-stat\"><b>600+<\/b><span>personnes de 2 mois \u00e0 82 ans dans la base normative<\/span><em>Source : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.institut.neurosens.fr\/informations\/entrainement-loreta.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Institut Neurosens<\/a><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"el-fig diag\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/interface-neuronavigator-neuroguide.png\" alt=\"Interface du logiciel NeuroGuide : analyse de l\u2019EEG quantifi\u00e9 et comparaison \u00e0 la base normative\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>Analyse de l\u2019EEG quantifi\u00e9 avec NeuroGuide.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>19 \u00e9lectrodes, des milliers de mesures<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>bonnet 19 voies<\/strong> couvre l\u2019ensemble du cr\u00e2ne. \u00c0 partir de ces 19 signaux, le logiciel estime en temps r\u00e9el l\u2019activit\u00e9 de <strong>88 aires de Brodmann<\/strong> (les grandes r\u00e9gions fonctionnelles du cortex) et de plusieurs structures profondes : thalamus, vermis, noyau rouge, cervelet. Pour chacune, il peut calculer la puissance par bande de fr\u00e9quence, la <strong>connectivit\u00e9<\/strong> entre r\u00e9gions (coh\u00e9rence), la synchronisation (phase) ou l\u2019asym\u00e9trie. Le protocole ne retient qu\u2019une s\u00e9lection de ces mesures, choisie d\u2019apr\u00e8s le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/bilan-eegq-deroulement-cartographie\/\">bilan EEGq<\/a>, une liste de sympt\u00f4mes et vos objectifs.<\/p>\n<h2>Entra\u00eener des r\u00e9seaux c\u00e9r\u00e9braux<\/h2>\n<p>Les neurosciences d\u00e9crivent le cerveau comme un ensemble de <strong>r\u00e9seaux c\u00e9r\u00e9braux<\/strong> : des r\u00e9gions parfois \u00e9loign\u00e9es qui travaillent de concert. Trois d\u2019entre eux sont particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9tudi\u00e9s (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Menon, 2011<\/a>) :<\/p>\n<div class=\"el-tiles c3\">\n<div class=\"el-tile top\" style=\"--tc:#3A4256\">\n<div class=\"el-ico\" style=\"--c:#3A4256;--b:#EEF0F5\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M20 14.5A8 8 0 1 1 9.5 4a6.5 6.5 0 0 0 10.5 10.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<h4>Mode par d\u00e9faut<\/h4>\n<p>Actif quand l\u2019esprit vagabonde, se souvient ou se projette (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Raichle et al., 2001<\/a>) ; associ\u00e9 aux ruminations lorsqu\u2019il reste trop pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-tile top\" style=\"--tc:#F5A623\">\n<div class=\"el-ico\" style=\"--c:#F5A623;--b:#FEF4E2\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M2 12s3.5-6 10-6 10 6 10 6-3.5 6-10 6S2 12 2 12z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<h4>Saillance<\/h4>\n<p>Rep\u00e8re ce qui compte, dans l\u2019environnement ou dans le corps, et aide \u00e0 basculer d\u2019un mode \u00e0 l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"el-tile top\" style=\"--tc:#4A72C4\">\n<div class=\"el-ico\" style=\"--c:#4A72C4;--b:#EDF1FA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"8\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"1\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n<h4>Ex\u00e9cutif central<\/h4>\n<p>Mobilis\u00e9 pour l\u2019attention soutenue, la m\u00e9moire de travail et la planification.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"el-fig diag\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/interface-loreta.png\" alt=\"Interface de param\u00e9trage d\u2019un entra\u00eenement swLORETA\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>Le param\u00e9trage d\u2019un entra\u00eenement swLORETA : r\u00e9gions et mesures cibl\u00e9es.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le neurofeedback swLORETA permet de cibler des mesures associ\u00e9es \u00e0 ces r\u00e9seaux (r\u00e9gions \u00ab carrefours \u00bb, liens entre modules) plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un seul point du cr\u00e2ne. Le lien entre une difficult\u00e9 et un r\u00e9seau reste toutefois une <strong>hypoth\u00e8se de travail<\/strong> : il oriente le protocole, sans \u00eatre une certitude.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"el-fig\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/elan-cerveau-3d-swloreta-regions.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c9cran affichant un cerveau en 3D avec des r\u00e9gions color\u00e9es et un bonnet EEG\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\"><figcaption>Le swLORETA estime l\u2019activit\u00e9 de r\u00e9gions et de r\u00e9seaux en 3D (illustration).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>swLORETA ou 2 canaux : quelle diff\u00e9rence ?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"el-tablewrap\">\n<table class=\"el-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Crit\u00e8re<\/th>\n<th>swLORETA Z-score<\/th>\n<th>2 canaux personnalis\u00e9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Capteurs<\/th>\n<td>Bonnet de 19 \u00e9lectrodes<\/td>\n<td>\u00c9lectrodes sur une ou deux zones du cuir chevelu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Ce qui est entra\u00een\u00e9<\/th>\n<td>R\u00e9gions et r\u00e9seaux estim\u00e9s en 3D, plusieurs mesures \u00e0 la fois<\/td>\n<td>Des bandes de fr\u00e9quence pr\u00e9cises, sur une ou deux zones<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Rep\u00e8re<\/th>\n<td>Z-scores compar\u00e9s en temps r\u00e9el \u00e0 la base normative<\/td>\n<td>Seuils r\u00e9gl\u00e9s d\u2019apr\u00e8s le bilan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Logiciel<\/th>\n<td>NeuroGuide (Applied Neuroscience)<\/td>\n<td>BioGraph Infiniti (Thought Technology)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Installation<\/th>\n<td>Plus longue (bonnet et gel)<\/td>\n<td>Plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re, souvent plus confortable pour les jeunes enfants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Aucune des deux n\u2019est meilleure dans l\u2019absolu : le choix d\u00e9pend du profil, de l\u2019\u00e2ge, de la tol\u00e9rance au bonnet et des objectifs. Pour situer ces m\u00e9thodes parmi d\u2019autres approches, lisez <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/neurofeedback-dynamique-ou-eegq-quelle-difference\/\">Neurofeedback dynamique ou guid\u00e9 par EEGq : quelle diff\u00e9rence ?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Comment se d\u00e9roule une s\u00e9ance ?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"el-flow n4\">\n<div><strong>Pr\u00e9paration<\/strong>Pose du bonnet avec un gel conducteur, puis v\u00e9rification de la qualit\u00e9 du signal.<\/div>\n<div><strong>Param\u00e9trage<\/strong>Choix des r\u00e9gions, r\u00e9seaux et mesures, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le bilan et les s\u00e9ances pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes.<\/div>\n<div><strong>Entra\u00eenement<\/strong>Le film reste net quand les mesures se rapprochent de la zone de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, et s\u2019assombrit quand elles s\u2019en \u00e9cartent.<\/div>\n<div><strong>Biofeedback et \u00e9change<\/strong>Un temps de respiration ou de coh\u00e9rence cardiaque, puis un retour sur les ressentis.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"el-fig\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/elan-seance-neurofeedback-film-temps-reel.jpg\" alt=\"S\u00e9ance de neurofeedback : adolescent de dos devant un \u00e9cran avec film et trac\u00e9s EEG\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\"><figcaption>Une s\u00e9ance de neurofeedback : le film r\u00e9agit en temps r\u00e9el \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale (illustration).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Il s\u2019agit de rester attentif au retour, sans chercher \u00e0 forcer. Le rythme reste d\u2019une \u00e0 deux s\u00e9ances par semaine, et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/le-programme-le-bilan-eegq-et-lentrainement\/\">le programme<\/a> pr\u00e9voit un bilan EEGq interm\u00e9diaire pour comparer l\u2019\u00e9volution.<\/p>\n<h2>Pour qui ?<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>neurofeedback swLORETA<\/strong> peut \u00eatre propos\u00e9 aux adultes, aux adolescents et aux enfants capables de garder le bonnet pendant la s\u00e9ance, lorsque le bilan montre des \u00e9carts touchant plusieurs r\u00e9gions ou leur connectivit\u00e9, par exemple en lien avec l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/neurofeedback-tdah\/\">attention<\/a>, l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/le-neurofeedback-pour-vaincre-les-troubles-anxieux\/\">anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et le stress<\/a> ou le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/diagnostic-des-troubles-du-sommeil-chez-lenfant-tdah\/\">sommeil<\/a>. Un protocole 2 canaux est parfois plus adapt\u00e9 ou mieux tol\u00e9r\u00e9 : la d\u00e9cision se prend lors de la restitution du bilan.<\/p>\n<h2>Limites et \u00e9tat de la recherche<\/h2>\n<div class=\"el-duo\">\n<div style=\"--hc:#3FA66E\">\n<h4>Ce que montrent les \u00e9tudes<small>des signaux encourageants<\/small><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Des progr\u00e8s d\u00e9crits dans des cas cliniques et des s\u00e9ries de cas (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10874208.2012.705769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Koberda et al., 2012<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-015-9274-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krigbaum et Wigton, 2015<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Une \u00e9tude pilote en cabinet : attention, fonctions ex\u00e9cutives et comportement am\u00e9lior\u00e9s, sans groupe contr\u00f4le (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054715577135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wigton et Krigbaum, 2019<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li>Pour le LORETA, des \u00e9tudes de meilleure qualit\u00e9 et des pistes dans le TDAH et la d\u00e9tresse li\u00e9e aux acouph\u00e8nes (Coben et al., 2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"--hc:#E8615A\">\n<h4>Ce qui manque encore<small>les limites actuelles<\/small><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Des essais randomis\u00e9s en aveugle, avec groupe contr\u00f4le<\/li>\n<li>Une sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e sur le neurofeedback classique : aucune \u00e0 ce jour<\/li>\n<li>Des protocoles standardis\u00e9s : Neurofeedback Luxembourg note aussi que certains praticiens surestiment ses effets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Une revue critique, limit\u00e9e aux \u00e9tudes de groupe publi\u00e9es, estime que la validation empirique de ces approches reste largement \u00e0 faire : aucune donn\u00e9e ne montre \u00e0 ce jour que le Z-score 19 voies soit efficace ou sup\u00e9rieur, et les r\u00e9sultats LORETA, plus solides, doivent encore \u00eatre r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9s (<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6373269\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coben, Hammond et Arns, 2019<\/a>). Dans un petit essai randomis\u00e9 (23 adultes pr\u00e9sentant un stress post-traumatique chronique), le LORETA Z-score n\u2019a pas fait mieux qu\u2019un biofeedback cardiaque, les deux groupes ayant progress\u00e9 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuroregulation.org\/article\/view\/19303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bell et al., 2019<\/a>). Dans le TDAH, une m\u00e9ta-analyse toutes m\u00e9thodes confondues ne trouve pas d\u2019effet significatif lorsque les \u00e9valuateurs ignorent qui a re\u00e7u quel entra\u00eenement (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39661381\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westwood et al., 2025<\/a>), et la <a href=\"https:\/\/has-sante.fr\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2024-09\/tdah_enfant_recommandations_mel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haute Autorit\u00e9 de sant\u00e9<\/a> ne recommande pas le neurofeedback dans ce trouble (2024). L\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.institut.neurosens.fr\/informations\/entrainement-loreta.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Institut Neurosens<\/a> le r\u00e9sume ainsi : la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de cet entra\u00eenement n\u2019est pas encore \u00e9tablie. Le swLORETA est donc une approche <strong>individualis\u00e9e et prometteuse<\/strong>, dont l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat propre reste \u00e0 confirmer : la <strong>recherche est en cours<\/strong>, et nous vous la pr\u00e9sentons comme telle.<\/p>\n<div class=\"el-note\"><strong>Un accompagnement compl\u00e9mentaire.<\/strong> Le neurofeedback swLORETA ne pose aucun diagnostic et ne remplace pas un suivi m\u00e9dical. Aucun traitement en cours ne doit \u00eatre modifi\u00e9 ou arr\u00eat\u00e9 sans l\u2019avis de votre m\u00e9decin.<\/div>\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n<h3>Le swLORETA est-il plus efficace que le neurofeedback classique ?<\/h3>\n<p>Ce n\u2019est pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 \u00e0 ce jour. Il permet de cibler davantage de r\u00e9gions et de r\u00e9seaux \u00e0 la fois, mais les \u00e9tudes comparatives manquent. Nous le proposons lorsque le profil issu du bilan s\u2019y pr\u00eate.<\/p>\n<h3>Le swLORETA remplace-t-il une IRM ?<\/h3>\n<p>Non. Il estime l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du cerveau avec une basse r\u00e9solution : il d\u00e9crit un fonctionnement, pas la structure du cerveau, et ne pose aucun diagnostic.<\/p>\n<h3>Le neurofeedback swLORETA envoie-t-il du courant dans le cerveau ?<\/h3>\n<p>Non. Les \u00e9lectrodes ne font qu\u2019enregistrer : le retour passe uniquement par l\u2019image et le son, et la s\u00e9ance est indolore. Pr\u00e9voyez seulement un shampoing apr\u00e8s, \u00e0 cause du gel.<\/p>\n<h3>Faut-il moins de s\u00e9ances avec le swLORETA ?<\/h3>\n<p>Aucune \u00e9tude solide ne permet de l\u2019affirmer. Le parcours type reste d\u2019une trentaine de s\u00e9ances en moyenne, r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9 lors du bilan interm\u00e9diaire.<\/p>\n<h3>Peut-on commencer directement par des s\u00e9ances swLORETA ?<\/h3>\n<p>Non. Les cibles d\u2019entra\u00eenement sont choisies \u00e0 partir du bilan EEGq initial, qui reste toujours la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape.<\/p>\n<div class=\"el-btns\"><a class=\"el-btn el-btn-main\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/prendre-rendez-vous\/\">Prendre rendez-vous pour un bilan<\/a><a class=\"el-btn el-btn-alt\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/le-programme-le-bilan-eegq-et-lentrainement\/\">D\u00e9couvrir le programme<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Pascual-Marqui R.D., Michel C.M., Lehmann D. (1994). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-8760(84)90014-X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Low resolution electromagnetic tomography: a new method for localizing electrical activity in the brain<\/a>. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 18(1), 49-65.<\/li>\n<li>Pascual-Marqui R.D. (2002). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uzh.ch\/keyinst\/NewLORETA\/sLORETA\/sLORETA-Math02.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical details<\/a>. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 24 Suppl D, 5-12.<\/li>\n<li>Palmero-Soler E. et al. (2007). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/7\/002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">swLORETA: a novel approach to robust source localization and synchronization tomography<\/a>. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 52(7), 1783-1800.<\/li>\n<li>Thatcher R.W., Lubar J.F., Koberda J.L. (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5298\/1081-5937-47.4.04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Z-Score EEG Biofeedback: Past, Present, and Future<\/a>. Biofeedback, 47(4), 89-103.<\/li>\n<li>Thatcher R.W., North D., Biver C. (2005). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/155005940503600211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluation and validity of a LORETA normative EEG database<\/a>. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 36(2), 116-122.<\/li>\n<li>Collura T. et al. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15500594241308654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International QEEG Certification Board Guideline Minimum Technical Requirements for Performing Clinical Quantitative Electroencephalography<\/a>. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 56(5), 391-399.<\/li>\n<li>Applied Neuroscience. <a href=\"https:\/\/appliedneuroscience.com\/product\/swloreta-zscore-nfb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">swLORETA Z Score Neurofeedback<\/a> (88 aires de Brodmann, thalamus, vermis, noyau rouge, cervelet) et <a href=\"https:\/\/appliedneuroscience.com\/neuroguides-lifespan-normative-database\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">base normative NeuroGuide<\/a> (2 mois \u00e0 82 ans).<\/li>\n<li>Institut Neurosens. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.institut.neurosens.fr\/informations\/entrainement-loreta.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L\u2019EEGq par analyse swLORETA<\/a> (base de plus de 600 sujets, prudence sur la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li>Neurofeedback Luxembourg. <a href=\"https:\/\/neurofeedback-luxembourg.com\/quantitative-eeg-brainmap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantitative EEG (QEEG) &amp; BrainMap<\/a> (Z-score, norme et normalit\u00e9) et <a href=\"https:\/\/neurofeedback-luxembourg.com\/understanding-the-types-of-neurofeedback-find-the-right-fit-for-you\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Understanding the Types of Neurofeedback<\/a> (LORETA : atouts et limites).<\/li>\n<li>Menon V. (2011). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model<\/a>. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(10), 483-506.<\/li>\n<li>Raichle M.E. et al. (2001). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A default mode of brain function<\/a>. PNAS, 98(2), 676-682.<\/li>\n<li>Koberda J.L. et al. (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10874208.2012.705769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cognitive Enhancement Using 19-Electrode Z-Score Neurofeedback<\/a>. Journal of Neurotherapy, 16(3), 224-230.<\/li>\n<li>Krigbaum G., Wigton N.L. (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-015-9274-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Methodology of Analysis for Monitoring Treatment Progression with 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback (19ZNF) in a Single-Subject Design<\/a>. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 40(3), 139-149.<\/li>\n<li>Wigton N.L., Krigbaum G. (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054715577135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Attention, Executive Function, Behavior, and Electrocortical Function, Significantly Improved With 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback in a Clinical Setting: A Pilot Study<\/a>. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(4), 398-408.<\/li>\n<li>Bell A.N., Moss D., Kallmeyer R.J. (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuroregulation.org\/article\/view\/19303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Healing the Neurophysiological Roots of Trauma: A Controlled Study Examining LORETA Z-Score Neurofeedback and HRV Biofeedback for Chronic PTSD<\/a>. NeuroRegulation, 6(2), 54-70.<\/li>\n<li>Coben R., Hammond D.C., Arns M. (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6373269\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">19 Channel Z-Score and LORETA Neurofeedback: Does the Evidence Support the Hype?<\/a> Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 44(1), 1-8.<\/li>\n<li>Westwood S.J. et al. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39661381\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis<\/a>. JAMA Psychiatry, 82(2), 118-129.<\/li>\n<li>Haute Autorit\u00e9 de sant\u00e9 (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/has-sante.fr\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2024-09\/tdah_enfant_recommandations_mel.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TDAH : diagnostic et interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques aupr\u00e8s des enfants et adolescents<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Le swLORETA est-il plus efficace que le neurofeedback classique ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ce n\u2019est pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 \u00e0 ce jour. Il permet de cibler davantage de r\u00e9gions et de r\u00e9seaux \u00e0 la fois, mais les \u00e9tudes comparatives manquent. Nous le proposons lorsque le profil issu du bilan s\u2019y pr\u00eate.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Le swLORETA remplace-t-il une IRM ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Non. Il estime l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du cerveau avec une basse r\u00e9solution : il d\u00e9crit un fonctionnement, pas la structure du cerveau, et ne pose aucun diagnostic.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Le neurofeedback swLORETA envoie-t-il du courant dans le cerveau ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Non. Les \u00e9lectrodes ne font qu\u2019enregistrer : le retour passe uniquement par l\u2019image et le son, et la s\u00e9ance est indolore. Pr\u00e9voyez seulement un shampoing apr\u00e8s, \u00e0 cause du gel.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Faut-il moins de s\u00e9ances avec le swLORETA ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Aucune \u00e9tude solide ne permet de l\u2019affirmer. Le parcours type reste d\u2019une trentaine de s\u00e9ances en moyenne, r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9 lors du bilan interm\u00e9diaire.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Peut-on commencer directement par des s\u00e9ances swLORETA ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Non. Les cibles d\u2019entra\u00eenement sont choisies \u00e0 partir du bilan EEGq initial, qui reste toujours la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape.\"}}]}<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neurofeedback swLORETA Un neurofeedback guid\u00e9 par l\u2019EEG quantifi\u00e9, qui cible des r\u00e9gions et des r\u00e9seaux c\u00e9r\u00e9braux \u00e0 partir de 19 \u00e9lectrodes : principe, atouts et limites. L\u2019essentiel en 30 secondes 19 \u00e9lectrodes, une vue en 3D\u00c0 partir de l\u2019EEG de surface, le swLORETA estime l\u2019activit\u00e9 de plus de 12 000 petits volumes du cerveau. Un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9515","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9515"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10708,"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9515\/revisions\/10708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.neurofeedback-ile-de-france.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}